Nouvelles diverses

Dans un article publié sur le Oxford Business Law Blog, le professeur Aguila-Real revient sur distinction entre « corporation » et « firm » : « Corporations Are Not Firms » (28 mai 2017).

Voici quelques extraits :

Corporations and firms are not the same in any technical use of the terms. Corporations are separate patrimonies whose ultimate owners are the members of the corporation. A legal fiction owns this separate patrimony: a legal person. Private corporations are established through contracts (usually company contracts) or through an individual decision (as in the case of a foundation). Therefore, Corporate Law belongs to Property Law and to Contract Law. 

A firm is a combination of production factors (capital, land and labour) to produce goods and services to be exchanged in the market. The firm is not a legal concept. It is an economic one. Legally, firms are an agglomeration of contracts, since the relationships established among all the production factors’ owners are voluntary.

(…)

Corporations are contracts concluded among those who contribute the equity capital that will be necessary for the production of the goods and services to be sold at the market. And, again, only the shareholders are parties to the contract that sets up the corporation. Shareholders are, therefore, members of a corporation (indirect co-owners of the separate patrimony formed with the contributions of the shareholders) and parties to the contract that sets up the corporation.  ‘Firm’ is a concept used by neoclassical economists and by institutional economists to explain which combination of production factors is more efficient, but these terms can’t be used interchangeably. Many corporations are not business organizations and many firms are not organized as corporations.

À la prochaine…

Ivan Tchotourian