divulgation extra-financière

Article bien intéressant paru dans les Développements récents en litige de valeurs mobilières (2023), Service de la formation continue du Barreau du Québec, Éditions Yvon Blais, 2023 :

• Vanessa Coiteux, Stéphanie Lapierre et Stéphane Rousseau, « La divulgation accrue d’information sur les facteurs environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) : enjeux, responsabilité et recours ».

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L’importance de l’information touchant les données non financières (notamment de nature environnementales) est soulignée dans cet article de Le Devoir : « Action collective contre Barrick Gold pour fausses représentations environnementales » (14 janvier 2023).

Extrait :

M. Nseir a entrepris les démarches pour intenter l’action collective, invoquant le fait que Barrick Gold avait faussement affirmé que le projet Pascua-Lama respectait les règles environnementales. Ces propos trompeurs avaient eu, selon lui, un effet positif sur le prix de l’action, jusqu’à ce que le marché encaisse le coup de la nouvelle du non-respect des conditions et que la valeur de l’action chute.

Il réclame ainsi des dommages — d’une somme non encore précisée — pour chacun des investisseurs qui, comme lui, ont perdu de l’argent.

La minière soutient avoir rempli ses obligations légales de divulgation et ajoute que, bien qu’il manquât certaines composantes au système de gestion des eaux, cela n’affectait pas son efficacité et respectait les normes environnementales.

La Cour d’appel a jugé que l’action de M. Nseir avait des chances de succès et qu’elle n’avait pas à être écartée à cette étape, car elle n’est ni frivole ni manifestement mal fondée.

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La Fondation IFRS a créé un nouveau conseil d’établissement de normes – l’International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) – qui va émettre des normes sur la communication de l’information ESG. Or, l’ISSB vient de publier deux nouvelles normes qu’elle soumet à consultation :
• IFRS S1 – General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information (the General Requirements Standard)
• IFRS S2 – Climate-related Disclosures (the Climate Standard)

Pour en savoir plus : cliquez ici

The International Sustainability Standards Board expects on 31 March 2022 to publish:

• Exposure Draft Proposed IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information; and
• Exposure Draft Proposed IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures.

The documents will be available to download from the Open for comment section and from their project pages, General Sustainability-related Disclosures and Climate-related Disclosures. To comment on the Exposure Drafts you will need to have an IFRS Foundation account, which can be created here.

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Drôle de tribune qu’offre Francis Vaille dans La Presse : « Comment faire confiance aux entreprises ». Cette tribune interpelle le lecteur sur le contenu de l’information non financière et ses conséquences sur la réalité de la divulgation des entreprises en matière de GES.

Extrait

Pour l’instant, certaines entreprises en Bourse publient des renseignements sur leurs émissions de GES par million de dollars de valeur ou de revenus de façon volontaire. Elles se basent notamment sur les travaux menés par le groupe de travail sur les informations financières liées au climat (TCFD).

Les normes demeurent toutefois imprécises et incomplètes. Elles incorporent souvent les émissions de premier et de deuxième niveau – celles faites par l’entreprise elle-même –, mais pas celles de leurs fournisseurs. La norme ISSB proposera une norme commune par industrie pour les trois niveaux.

Et d’ici peu, les autorités des valeurs mobilières rendront la publication obligatoire. 

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La SEC a publié récemment une nouvelle sur son site indiquant qu’elle chercher l’avis du public sur sa réglementation dans le domaine du changement climatique : « Public Input Welcomed on Climate Change Disclosures » (15 mars 2021). C’est le moment de vous exprimer !

La SEC bouge en ce domaine comme cet extrait du message de la SEC le résume bien : Since 2010, investor demand for, and company disclosure of information about, climate change risks, impacts, and opportunities has grown dramatically. Consequently, questions arise about whether climate change disclosures adequately inform investors about known material risks, uncertainties, impacts, and opportunities, and whether greater consistency could be achieved. In May 2020, the SEC Investor Advisory Committee approved recommendations urging the Commission to begin an effort to update reporting requirements for issuers to include material, decision-useful environmental, social, and governance, or ESG factors. In December 2020, the ESG Subcommittee of the SEC Asset Management Advisory Committee issued a preliminary recommendation that the Commission require the adoption of standards by which corporate issuers disclose material ESG risks.

Extrait :

Questions for Consideration

1. How can the Commission best regulate, monitor, review, and guide climate change disclosures in order to provide more consistent, comparable, and reliable information for investors while also providing greater clarity to registrants as to what is expected of them? Where and how should such disclosures be provided? Should any such disclosures be included in annual reports, other periodic filings, or otherwise be furnished?
2. What information related to climate risks can be quantified and measured?  How are markets currently using quantified information? Are there specific metrics on which all registrants should report (such as, for example, scopes 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions, and greenhouse gas reduction goals)? What quantified and measured information or metrics should be disclosed because it may be material to an investment or voting decision?  Should disclosures be tiered or scaled based on the size and/or type of registrant)? If so, how? Should disclosures be phased in over time? If so, how? How are markets evaluating and pricing externalities of contributions to climate change? Do climate change related impacts affect the cost of capital, and if so, how and in what ways? How have registrants or investors analyzed risks and costs associated with climate change? What are registrants doing internally to evaluate or project climate scenarios, and what information from or about such internal evaluations should be disclosed to investors to inform investment and voting decisions? How does the absence or presence of robust carbon markets impact firms’ analysis of the risks and costs associated with climate change?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of permitting investors, registrants, and other industry participants to develop disclosure standards mutually agreed by them? Should those standards satisfy minimum disclosure requirements established by the Commission? How should such a system work? What minimum disclosure requirements should the Commission establish if it were to allow industry-led disclosure standards? What level of granularity should be used to define industries (e.g., two-digit SIC, four-digit SIC, etc.)?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of establishing different climate change reporting standards for different industries, such as the financial sector, oil and gas, transportation, etc.? How should any such industry-focused standards be developed and implemented?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of rules that incorporate or draw on existing frameworks, such as, for example, those developed by the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), and the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB)?[7] Are there any specific frameworks that the Commission should consider? If so, which frameworks and why?
6. How should any disclosure requirements be updated, improved, augmented, or otherwise changed over time? Should the Commission itself carry out these tasks, or should it adopt or identify criteria for identifying other organization(s) to do so? If the latter, what organization(s) should be responsible for doing so, and what role should the Commission play in governance or funding? Should the Commission designate a climate or ESG disclosure standard setter? If so, what should the characteristics of such a standard setter be? Is there an existing climate disclosure standard setter that the Commission should consider?
7. What is the best approach for requiring climate-related disclosures? For example, should any such disclosures be incorporated into existing rules such as Regulation S-K or Regulation S-X, or should a new regulation devoted entirely to climate risks, opportunities, and impacts be promulgated? Should any such disclosures be filed with or furnished to the Commission?   
8. How, if at all, should registrants disclose their internal governance and oversight of climate-related issues? For example, what are the advantages and disadvantages of requiring disclosure concerning the connection between executive or employee compensation and climate change risks and impacts?
9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of developing a single set of global standards applicable to companies around the world, including registrants under the Commission’s rules, versus multiple standard setters and standards? If there were to be a single standard setter and set of standards, which one should it be? What are the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a minimum global set of standards as a baseline that individual jurisdictions could build on versus a comprehensive set of standards? If there are multiple standard setters, how can standards be aligned to enhance comparability and reliability? What should be the interaction between any global standard and Commission requirements? If the Commission were to endorse or incorporate a global standard, what are the advantages and disadvantages of having mandatory compliance?
10. How should disclosures under any such standards be enforced or assessed?  For example, what are the advantages and disadvantages of making disclosures subject to audit or another form of assurance? If there is an audit or assurance process or requirement, what organization(s) should perform such tasks? What relationship should the Commission or other existing bodies have to such tasks? What assurance framework should the Commission consider requiring or permitting?
11. Should the Commission consider other measures to ensure the reliability of climate-related disclosures? Should the Commission, for example, consider whether management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting and related requirements should be updated to ensure sufficient analysis of controls around climate reporting? Should the Commission consider requiring a certification by the CEO, CFO, or other corporate officer relating to climate disclosures?
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a “comply or explain” framework for climate change that would permit registrants to either comply with, or if they do not comply, explain why they have not complied with the disclosure rules? How should this work? Should “comply or explain” apply to all climate change disclosures or just select ones, and why?
13. How should the Commission craft rules that elicit meaningful discussion of the registrant’s views on its climate-related risks and opportunities? What are the advantages and disadvantages of requiring disclosed metrics to be accompanied with a sustainability disclosure and analysis section similar to the current Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations?
14. What climate-related information is available with respect to private companies, and how should the Commission’s rules address private companies’ climate disclosures, such as through exempt offerings, or its oversight of certain investment advisers and funds?
15. In addition to climate-related disclosure, the staff is evaluating a range of disclosure issues under the heading of environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, matters. Should climate-related requirements be one component of a broader ESG disclosure framework? How should the Commission craft climate-related disclosure requirements that would complement a broader ESG disclosure standard? How do climate-related disclosure issues relate to the broader spectrum of ESG disclosure issues?

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