Sur le blogue de l’Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance, un billet a été publié sur l’entreprise à mission étatsunienne et la conversion d’une entreprise traditionnelle en une entreprise d’une telle forme : « Converting to a Delaware Public Benefit Corporation: Lessons from Experience » (18 février 2022).
Extrait
In 2020, the Delaware legislature made it much simpler for an existing corporation to become a PBC, by, among other things, lowering the required statutory stockholder approval to a simple majority vote. In 2020 into 2021, our firm advised the first two major public companies—Veeva Systems and United Therapeutics—that decided to convert to the PBC form. We have also worked with many private companies as they have converted to the PBC form, navigated life as a PBC, and approached M&A in the PBC context. At the time of this post, there are 15 public PBCs and thousands of private PBCs in existence. Several PBCs, including Lemonade, Inc., have successfully gone public as a PBC. These developments all dovetail with an increasing focus on Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) issues and the proper role of the corporation in society.
The increased prevalence of PBCs in the marketplace has caused more and more boards of directors of Delaware corporations, both public and private, and some that may have previously questioned the likely success of a conversion, to consider a conversion to the PBC form. The process to convert to a PBC, like any major corporate decision, should be taken seriously and evaluated with the assistance of corporate advisors, including experienced legal counsel. This post provides a broad overview of the development of the PBC form, the mechanics of what it means to be a PBC, the steps to convert from a traditional Delaware corporation to a PBC, and some of the practicalities of operating as a PBC.
Extrait portant sur la conversion et ses conditions
B. Board Approval and Decision-Making
The decision to become a PBC generally begins with the board of directors. The board should approach the decision seriously, taking into account the pros and cons of converting to the PBC form, soliciting views from management, and using advisors as appropriate. The board’s decision is governed by its current fiduciary duties. Accordingly, for a traditional corporation formed under Delaware law, the board will need to discharge its duties of care and loyalty in making the conversion decision. Fundamentally, the board must determine that the conversion is in the best interests of its stockholders—that is, that the conversion promotes stockholder value.
To this end, the board of directors should evaluate how the PBC structure will relate to and advance the company’s business and maximize stockholder value in the long run. In our experience, companies that have converted to the PBC form view the conversion as aligning the company’s legal form with how the business is already run and what makes the business successful. In most cases, we would expect the decision to become a PBC to be protected by the business judgment rule, as long as the board carefully considers the conversion.
C. Crafting the Public Benefit Purpose
Once the decision has been made to pursue a PBC conversion, the board of directors, with the assistance of management and outside advisors, should craft an appropriate public benefit purpose to include in the company’s certificate of incorporation. The language of the statute provides a great deal of flexibility in designing a suitable public benefit purpose, although that designing is a balancing act. The corporation’s public benefit purpose will guide future decision-making at the company. Accordingly, the public benefit purpose should be specific enough to guide such decision-making, but not so narrow as to unnecessarily constrain the corporation’s future conduct or quickly become unable to accommodate an evolving business. Because the public benefit purpose is contained in the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, making changes after it has already been implemented will require a charter amendment and new board and stockholder approvals. Experienced legal counsel can assist in the preparation of an appropriate statement of public benefit purpose.
D. Stockholder Approval
Once the board approves the conversion to the PBC form and before the conversion can become effective, the corporation’s stockholders will need to approve the conversion (i.e., in many cases, the charter amendment). Private corporations can often choose to obtain this stockholder approval by providing appropriate disclosures to stockholders and soliciting stockholder approval by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Public companies will, in most cases, need to obtain stockholder approval at a stockholder meeting, which requires filing a preliminary proxy statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which is subject to review and comment, and filing and mailing a definitive proxy statement to stockholders.
For both private and public companies, boards and management considering a conversion to the PBC form will of course want to think ahead to investor support and whether sufficient support will exist, now and in the future.
For private companies, in our experience, many investors are willing to consider supporting the PBC form and will want to hear why a conversion is advantageous to stockholders and the business. Assessing such support is critical both for the company’s ongoing financing needs and for purposes of obtaining approval of the conversion. Private companies will also need to navigate their web of governing documents to determine which approvals will be needed. Where stockholders act by written consent, appropriate notices will need to be provided after the fact to stockholders who do not provide consent.
For public companies, our experience is, again, that many investors are willing to consider supporting the PBC form. Both Veeva and United Therapeutics received overwhelming support from their stockholders. Investors will want to understand why a conversion is in the best interests of investors and fits in with the “story” of the business. Investors will likely also consider other aspects of the company’s governance structure and the existing rights and protections of the public stockholders. In this regard, public companies should consider whether to engage a public relations firm to build investor support.
Public companies will also want to think ahead to several related factors. One is the reaction of proxy advisory firms. Such firms have shown willingness to support conversions, but will consider them on a case-by-case basis, in light of the company’s business and existing governance practices and structures.
Another consideration relates to anticipating potential reactions from the SEC on disclosures to stockholders. Here again, Veeva and United Therapeutics are helpful examples, as the proxy statements filed by both withstood SEC review and comment.
The required stockholder vote to add the public benefit purpose to the certificate of incorporation is the same as would apply to any other charter amendment under a company’s governing documents. Once the amendment has been approved, the corporation need only file the amendment with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and the conversion to a PBC is complete.
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Ce contenu a été mis à jour le 25 octobre 2023 à 23 h 50 min.
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