Gouvernance | Page 35

Bonjour à toutes et à tous, je vous informe qu’Andrew Ceresney (directeur de la division Enforcement à la SEC) s’est exprimé lors de la Sixteenth Annual Taxpayers Against Fraud Conference à Washington le 14 septembre 2016 (« The SEC’s Whistleblower Program: The Successful Early Years »). À cette occasion, M. Ceresney est revenu sur la dénonciation, son histoire et son succès actuel… ainsi que l’influence qu’a exercé le programme de dénonciation américain pour le Canada (Ontario et Québec) et l’Australie.

Whistleblowers provide an invaluable public service, often at great personal and professional sacrifice and peril. I cannot overstate the appreciation we have for the willingness of whistleblowers to come forward with evidence of potential securities law violations. I often speak of the transformative impact that the program has had on the Agency, both in terms of the detection of illegal conduct and in moving our investigations forward quicker and through the use of fewer resources.

Dans son allocution, M. Ceserney fournit des chiffres :

1. The success of the program can be seen, in part, in the over $107 million we have paid to 33 whistleblowers for their valuable assistance, in cases with more than $500 million ordered in sanctions
2. Since the inception of the program, the Office has received more than 14,000 tips from whistleblowers in every state in the United States and from over 95 foreign countries. What’s more, tips from whistleblowers increased from 3,001 in fiscal year 2012 — the first full fiscal year that the Commission’s Whistleblower Office was in operation — to nearly 4,000 last year, an approximately 30% increase. And we are on target to exceed that level this year. During fiscal year 2015, the Office returned over 2,800 phone calls from members of the public. By the end of fiscal year 2015, the Commission and Claims Review Staff had issued Final Orders and Preliminary Determinations with respect to over 390 claims for whistleblower awards.

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Ivan Tchotourian

82.154 euros. Voilà ce qu’a gagné, en moyenne, au titre de 2015, un membre du conseil d’administration du CAC 40. Dont 32.602 euros de fixe et un jeton variable autour de 3.865 euros par réunion du conseil, selon une étude réalisée par le cabinet de chasseur de têtes Spencer Stuart. En 2014, il avait perçu 72.608 euros. Cette augmentation est faciale, car, dans les faits, l’administrateur n’a pas perçu 13,8 % de plus en espèces sonnantes et trébuchantes. La comparaison est tronquée, car la composition de l’indice CAC 40 a changé avec l’entrée du nouveau groupe fusionné LafargeHolcim et de Nokia, à la place d’Alcatel. Ces derniers ont versé des jetons de présence figurant parmi les plus importants de l’indice. A cela vient s’ajouter la sortie d’EDF, dont la rémunération moyenne des administrateurs était faible (autour de 20.000 euros en raison de la présence de 5 représentants de l’Etat).

Ivan Tchotourian

Bonjour à toutes et à tous, c’est l’anniversaire du scandale Volkswagen aujourd’hui. Une belle occasion de rappeler toutes l’importance d’accorder aux préoccupations extra-financières une attention particulière : « Volkswagen anniversary reminds investors of the value of ESG analysis » (World Finance, Vipul Arora, 14 septembre 2016).

This month marks one year since the start of the Volkswagen emissions scandal, when the US Environmental Protection Agency found Volkswagen’s ‘defeat devices’ masked emissions that were 40 times the legal standard of nitrogen oxide, causing smog and poor health conditions.

A year of vehicle recalls, plummeting sales and falling profits followed and Volkswagen has seen 30 percent wiped off its share price. What’s more, the company could face up to $18bn in fines from US regulators – equivalent to the entire Russian budget for hosting the 2018 World Cup. The scandal has been terrible news for Volkswagen and its shareholders.

But should those that got stung have been a little more wary? The Volkswagen scandal was far from unprecedented in the industry and in this particular case analysts had spotted signs of trouble as early as 2014 – when Volkswagen’s response to emissions discrepancies found by a chance test from the International Council on Clean Transportation was to undertake a recall of 500,000 vehicles. Volkswagen’s membership of a collaboration that worked against emissions reducing technology from 1997-2011 was also a red flag for some investors.

To avoid being stung again, investors should view all voluntary recalls as a reason for deeper investigation. But wider than that, the scandal has also helped persuade many investors of the value of taking a closer look at a company’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) credentials.

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Ivan Tchotourian

En Grande-Bretagne, The Business, Innovation, and Skills (BIS) Committee vient de lancer une consultation publique sur la gouvernance d’entreprise : « Corporate Governance inquiry launched ».

The Business, Innovation, and Skills (BIS) Committee has today launched an inquiry on corporate governance, focussing on executive pay, directors duties, and the composition of boardrooms, including worker representation and gender balance in executive positions.

Les questions abordées sont très intéressantes :

Directors Duties

• Is company law sufficiently clear on the roles of directors and non-executive directors, and are those duties the right ones? If not, how should it be amended?
• Is the duty to promote the long-term success of the company clear and enforceable?
• How are the interests of shareholders, current and former employees best balanced?
• How best should the decisions of Boards be scrutinised and open to challenge?
• Should there be greater alignment between the rules governing public and private companies? What would be the consequences of this?
• Should additional duties be placed on companies to promote greater transparency, e.g. around the roles of advisors. If so, what should be published and why? What would the impact of this be on business behaviour and costs to business?
• How effectively have the provisions of the 1992 Cadbury report been embedded? How best can shareholders have confidence that Executives are subject to independent challenge?
• Should Government regulate or rely on guidance and professional bodies to ensure that Directors fulfil their duties effectively?

Executive pay

• What factors have influenced the steep rise in executive pay over the past 30 years relative to salaries of more junior employees?
• How should executive pay take account of companies’ long-term performance?
• Should executive pay reflect the value added by executives to companies relative to more junior employees? If so, how?
• What evidence is there that executive pay is too high? How, if at all, should Government seek to influence or control executive pay?
• Do recent high-profile shareholder actions demonstrate that the current framework for controlling executive pay is bedding in effectively? Should shareholders have a greater role?

Composition of Boards

• What evidence is there that more diverse company boards perform better?
• How should greater diversity of board membership be achieved? What should diversity include, e.g. gender, ethnicity, age, sexuality, disability, experience, socio-economic background?
• Should there be worker representation on boards and/or remuneration committees? If so, what form should this take?
• What more should be done to increase the number of women in Executive positions on boards?

Attention : la réponse est à envoyer pour le 26 octobre 2016 !

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Ivan Tchotourian

La féminisation occupe toujours l’actualité comme le révèle cet article : « Make room for women on corporate boards: Editorial » dans thestar.com (14 septembre 2016).

Petit extrait :

When it comes to women on corporate boards in Ontario, there’s nowhere to go but up. Yet, despite new targets established 18 months ago by the Ontario Securities Commission, the province’s companies seem to be making roughly zero progress.

(…)

A new study finds nearly half of all companies listed on the TSX still have zero women on their board of directors. If things don’t change in the next 18 months, governments should consider establishing quotas.

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Ivan Tchotourian

Dans Compliance Week, Paul Hodgson publie une tribune sous ce titre favorable à l’entrée des salariés dans les conseils d’administration (« I’m alright, Jack: worker representation on boards », 13 septembre 2016).

Probably the most European of new Conservative Prime Minister Theresa May’s fairly European corporate governance reform proposals is the proposal to have employee/worker representation on the board. It’s a concept unknown outside the European Union, and the United Kingdom is one of the few EU countries that has not yet introduced it.

But the idea was so far off anyone’s governance radar, except for the Trades Union Congress, that the proposal has taken almost everyone else by surprise, including companies, advisers, investors, and proxy advisers.

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Ivan Tchotourian